Volunteers wishing to become test subjects may contact TSS for information regarding the test subject program. Principal Investigators requesting a test subject for a study can contact TSS. demonstrated in the early 1970s with the M509 Skylab experiments, where a test bed maneuvering unit was operated from within Skylab and zero-gravity human performance data was analyzed.1 The Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) is a propulsive backpack that was designed at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) following the M509 tests. Test subjects are also provided for astronaut training during phlebotomy training and visual acuity protocols. Ground-based studies involving human test subjects require the approval of the NASA Institutional Review Board (IRB) Studies are conducted by many laboratories and flight analogs, such as cardiovascular, neuroscience, bone and mineral, suit and engineering, exercise, nutrition, immunology labs, and the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA). To remain current in the test subject pool, physicals are renewed on a yearly basis. The TSS personnel recruit and maintain detailed tracking of test subject participation in all studies. Test Subject Screening (TSS) has the primary responsibility to provide qualified test subjects for ground-based research or microgravity studies. Developing countermeasures for the effects of space flight often requires investigators to rely on human subjects to support data collection.
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